美国就业市场歧视:学历是定义阶级的最重要因素
美国7月非农新增就业超预期,整体失业率及其内部结构同步改善(非裔失业率从9.2%下降到8.2%,西班牙裔从7.4%降到6.6%。),这为美联储退出QE奠定了基础(可参考:恃强凌弱的新冠,政治正确的联储——来自美国就业市场的证据;历史的回声、数据的噪声和美联储的“心跳声”)。
对于美国社会和白宫政策而言,分配是主要矛盾。对于美联储而言,就业是主要矛盾。二者的连接点在于,“最大就业”是实现分配正义的最有效途径之一。这不仅要求美联储烫平经济周期,还要求其将劳动力市场尽量长时间地维持在高压状态(Bernstein,2018)。
失业率的群体差异
工资的群体差异
社会流动性的下降和群体差异
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